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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал прикладной спектроскопии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-7506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhps-1671</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИБОРЫ И МЕТОДЫ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVICES AND METHODS OF SPECTROSCOPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регуляризация параллельного факторного анализа (PARAFAC): новый подход к определению групп флуорофоров в спектрах флуоресценции природных вод</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regularization of Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC): a New Approach to Determining Groups of Fluorophores in the Fluorescence Spectra of Natural Waters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erina</surname><given-names>О. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdova</surname><given-names>А. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабутин</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Labutin</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timurla@laser.chem.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>733</fpage><lpage>740</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крылов И.Н., Ерина О.Н., Дроздова А.Н., Селиверстова И.В., Лабутин Т.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крылов И.Н., Ерина О.Н., Дроздова А.Н., Селиверстова И.В., Лабутин Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krylov I.N., Erina О.N., Drozdova А.N., Seliverstova I.V., Labutin T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/1671">https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/1671</self-uri><abstract><p>   Параллельный факторный анализ PARAFAC широко используется применительно к спектрам флуоресценции возбуждение/испускание для отслеживания движения водных масс, а также изучения сезонного изменения состава и содержания растворенного органического вещества. Стадия выбора числа компонент — одна из наиболее сложных при использовании факторного анализа. Широко используемый метод анализа нагрузок при разбиении исходного набора на половины во многих случаях не позволяет определить наилучшую модель из-за близости их статистических оценок. Поскольку применение регуляризации со штрафом за сумму модулей параметров имеет свойство приводить к разреженным решениям, в которых часть коэффициентов равна нулю, применение этого подхода позволяет выбирать те переменные, которые несут полезную информацию. Предложена процедура выбора числа компонент при выполнении параллельного факторного анализа спектров флуоресценции с использованием штрафа за 1- и 2-нормы решения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Parallel factor analysis PARAFAC is widely used in relation to fluorescence excitation/emission spectra to track the movement of water masses, as well as to study seasonal changes in the composition and content of dissolved organic matter. The stage of selecting the number of components is one of the most difficult when using factor analysis. The widely used method of analyzing loads when splitting the original set into halves in many cases does not allow determining the best model due to the closeness of their statistical estimates. Since the use of regularization with a penalty for the sum of parameter modules tends to lead to sparse solutions in which some of the coefficients are equal to zero, the use of this approach allows one to select those variables that carry useful information. A procedure is proposed for selecting the number of components when performing parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra using a penalty for the 1- and 2-norms of the solution.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярная флуоресценция</kwd><kwd>трехмерные спектры возбуждение/испускание</kwd><kwd>сезонная изменчивость растворенного органического вещества</kwd><kwd>флуорофор</kwd><kwd>параллельный факторный анализ</kwd><kwd>регуляризация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular fluorescence</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional excitation/emission spectra</kwd><kwd>seasonal variability of dissolved organic matter</kwd><kwd>fluorophore</kwd><kwd>parallel factor analysis</kwd><kwd>regularization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке программы развития МГУ (проект № 23-Ш07-67). Отбор проб и исследование оптических характеристик растворенного органического вещества в 92 рейсе НИС “Академик Мстислав Келдыш” в Карское море (2023 г.) выполнены за счет гранта № 21-77-10064 Российского научного фонда</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the support of the MSU Development Program (project No. 23-Sh07-67). Sampling and investigation of the optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in NIS flight 92 “Academician Mstislav Keldysh” to the Kara Sea (2023) completed at the expense of grant No. 21-77-10064 The Russian Science Foundation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">F. F. Hartline. Science, 203, N 4387 (1979) 1330—1331</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">F. F. Hartline. 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