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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал прикладной спектроскопии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-7506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhps-2025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕНТГЕНОВСКАЯ И ЯДЕРНАЯ СПЕКТРОСКОПИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>X-RAY AND NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY OF MATTER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рентгеновская фотоэлектронная спектроскопия в атмосфере аргона особой чистоты как метод исследования функциональных материалов на примере амальгам меди</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in an Atmosphere of High-Purity Argon as a Method of Studying Functional Materials Using Copper Amalgams as an Example</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альес</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alies</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелковников</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelkovnikov</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаусов</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chausov</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chaus@udman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исупов</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isupov</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Удмуртский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения РАН, Институт механики</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mechanics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>92</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>771</fpage><lpage>776</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Альес М.Ю., Шелковников Е.Ю., Чаусов Ф.Ф., Ломова Н.В., Исупов Н.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Альес М.Ю., Шелковников Е.Ю., Чаусов Ф.Ф., Ломова Н.В., Исупов Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alies M.Y., Shelkovnikov E.Y., Chausov F.F., Lomova N.V., Isupov N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/2025">https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/2025</self-uri><abstract><p>Состав и окисленное состояние металлов в образцах амальгам меди, полученных прямым восстановлением металлов (меди и ртути) в водном растворе, исследованы методом рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии (РФЭС) в атмосфере аргона марки ОСЧ 6.0. Использование РФЭС в среде аргона особой чистоты позволило исключить влияние примесей кислорода в остаточной атмосфере спектрометра на состояние поверхности амальгамы и результаты исследования. Показано, что порядок восстановления ионов металлов в водном растворе формальдегида влияет на содержание окисленных форм меди. При одновременном восстановлении меди и ртути полученная амальгама содержит примесь 5—7 ат. % меди в форме оксида меди(I) и 8—10 ат. % в форме оксида меди(II). При последовательном восстановлении сначала меди, а затем ртути полученная амальгама содержит примесь 11—14 ат. % меди в форме оксида меди(II). При восстановлении меди с промывкой полученного порошка разбавленной кислотой и последующим восстановлением ртути полученная амальгама содержит примесь 9—11 ат. % меди в форме оксида меди(I). Состояние ртути в составе амальгамы не зависит от порядка восстановления металлов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The composition and oxidized state of metals in copper amalgam samples obtained by direct reduction of metals (copper and mercury) in an aqueous solution were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the atmosphere of high-purity argon 6.0. The use of XPS in a high-purity argon medium allowed one to exclude the influence of oxygen admixtures in the residual atmosphere of the spectrometer to the state of the amalgam surface and the investigation results. It is shown that the order of metal ions reduction in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde affects the content of oxidized forms of copper. With simultaneous reduction of copper and mercury, the resulting amalgam contains an impurity of 5–7 at. % copper in the form of copper(I) oxide and 8–10 at. % in the form of copper(II) oxide. During the sequential reduction of copper for the first and then mercury, the resulting amalgam contains an impurity of 11–14 at. % copper in the form of copper(II) oxide. During the reduction of copper by washing the resulting powder with dilute acid and subsequent reduction of mercury, the resulting amalgam contains an impurity of 9–11 at. % copper in the form of copper(I) oxide. The state of mercury in the amalgam does not depend on the order of metal reduction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рентгеновская фотоэлектронная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>аргон особой чистоты</kwd><kwd>амальгамы</kwd><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>ртуть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>high-purity argon</kwd><kwd>amalgams</kwd><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>mercury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. Niknam, H. 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