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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал прикладной спектроскопии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-7506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhps-2086</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ стресс-индуцированной генерации активных форм кислорода в протокормах Phalaenopsis ×hybridum blume с использованием редокc-зависимого флуоресцентного зонда дигидроэтидиума</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Stress-Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Phalaenopsis ×hybridum Blume Protocorms Using the Redox-Dependent Fluorescent Dihydroethidium Probe</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черныш</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernysh</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мацкевич</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matskevich</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звонарев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvonarev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахметова</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhmetova</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смоликова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolikova</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидчик</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidchik</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск, Беларусь; Фошань, Китай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk, Belarus; Foshan, China</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demidchik@botany.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университетж &#13;
Институт экспериментальной ботаники имени В. Ф. Купревича НАН Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University; &#13;
V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экспериментальной ботаники имени В. Ф. Купревича НАН Беларуси; &#13;
Международный исследовательский центр биологии мембран и окружающей среды,&#13;
Департамент растениеводства, Университет Фошаня</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; &#13;
International Research Center for Membrane and Environmental Biology, Department of Plant Science, Foshan University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черныш М.А., Мацкевич В.С., Звонарев С.Н., Бахметова А.Ф., Смоликова Г.Н., Медведев С.С., Демидчик В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черныш М.А., Мацкевич В.С., Звонарев С.Н., Бахметова А.Ф., Смоликова Г.Н., Медведев С.С., Демидчик В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernysh M.A., Matskevich V.S., Zvonarev S.N., Bakhmetova A.F., Smolikova G.N., Medvedev S.S., Demidchik V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/2086">https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/2086</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработаны методы анализа и исследованы важнейшие стрессовые реакции эпидермальных клеток протокормов Phalaenopsis  ×hybridum Blume — синтеза активных форм кислорода (АФК), в частности, супероксидного анионного радикала (О2●–). Для этого адаптирована техника эпифлуоресцентной микроскопии в комбинации с флуоресцентным зондом дигидроэтидиумом и узкополосным флуоресцентным фильтрующим кубом Nikon FITC B-2E/С. Данный подход позволил избежать артефактов, возникающих из-за интенсивной флуоресценции в красной области спектра при связывании этидиума (продукта неспецифического окисления дигидроэтидиума) с ДНК, и успешно зарегистрировать сигнал 2-гидроксиэтидиума (2-OH-E+) в зеленой области спектра, специфичный для реакции с О2●–. С использованием разработанных методов проведен анализ генерации АФК в протокормах Орхидных при механическом повреждении, а также осмотическом и солевом стрессе. Показано, что вышеуказанные факторы индуцировали генерацию О2●– в эпидермисе протокормов (регистрируемую как рост флуоресценции 2-OH-E+). Добавление ферментативных и низкомолекулярных антиоксидантов, таких как супероксиддисмутаза (СОД), каталаза, диметилсульфоксид (ДМСО) и тиомочевина, снижало стресс-индуцированный синтез АФК в протокормах. Наибольшее снижение флуоресценции наблюдалось в присутствии СОД и тиомочевины, что указывает на специфичность реакции дигидроэтидиума с О2●–. Разработанные подходы могут быть применены для анализа ранних стадий окислительного дисбаланса, развивающегося в клетках Орхидных и других высших растений при воздействии абиотических стресс-факторов среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Methods for analyzing and studying the most important stress responses of epidermal cells of the protocorms of Phalaenopsis ×hybridum Blume – the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, the superoxide anion radical (О2●–) – were developed. Epifluorescence microscopy was adapted for this purpose in combination with the fluorescent probe dihydroethidium and a narrow-band fluorescent filter cube Nikon FITC B-2E/C. This approach made it possible to avoid artifacts arising from intense fluorescence in the red region of the spectrum upon binding of ethidium (a product of nonspecific oxidation of dihydroethidium) to DNA, and to successfully record the signal of 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E+) in the green region of the spectrum, specific for the reaction with О2●–. Using the developed methods, ROS generation in Orchid protocorms subjected to mechanical damage, as well as osmotic and salt stress, was analyzed for the first time. It was shown that the above factors induced О2●–generation in the protocorm epidermis (registered as an increase in 2-OH-E+ fluorescence). The addition of enzymatic and low-molecular antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and thiourea, reduced stress-induced ROS synthesis in protocorms. The greatest decrease in fluorescence was observed in the presence of SOD and thiourea, indicating the specificity of the reaction of dihydroethidium with О2●–. The developed approaches can be applied to the analysis of the early stages of oxidative imbalance developing in the cells of Orchidaceae and other higher plants under the influence of abiotic stress factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абиотический стресс</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd><kwd>антиоксиданты</kwd><kwd>дигидроэтидиум</kwd><kwd>протокорм</kwd><kwd>Phalaenopsis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abiotic stress</kwd><kwd>reactive oxygen species</kwd><kwd>antioxidants</kwd><kwd>dihydroethidium</kwd><kwd>protocorms</kwd><kwd>Phalaenopsis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа профинансирована Российским научным фондом (грант № 25-16-00215).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Т. М. Черевченко, А. Н. Лаврентьева, Р. В. Иванников. 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