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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал прикладной спектроскопии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-7506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhps-2400</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cпектроскопия комбинационного рассеяния света гематита в красочном слое модельной фрески до и после нагрева</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Raman Spectroscopy of Hematite in the Paint Layer of a Model Fresco before and after Heating</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицаенко</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балахнина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикишев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брандт</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brandt@physics.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Новгородский государственный объединенный музей‑заповедник,  &#13;
Центр реставрации монументальной живописи</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>598</fpage><lpage>605</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочетков М.И., Грицаенко И.Р., Кононова Е.М., Анисимова Т.И., Балахнина И.А., Чикишев А.Ю., Брандт Н.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочетков М.И., Грицаенко И.Р., Кононова Е.М., Анисимова Т.И., Балахнина И.А., Чикишев А.Ю., Брандт Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Кочетков М.И., Грицаенко И.Р., Кононова Е.М., Анисимова Т.И., Балахнина И.А., Чикишев А.Ю., Брандт Н.Н.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/2400">https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/2400</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведено сравнение спектров комбинационного рассеяния света (КР) гематита в составе красочного слоя модельного образца фрески до и после нагрева до 740 °С. Препятствием для анализа  КР-спектров гематита является существенное различие относительных интенсивностей линий  в спектрах, измеренных в разных точках образца. Показано, что такие различия обусловлены ориентационным фактором — изменением интенсивностей КР-линий при изменении взаимной ориентации микрокристаллов гематита и волнового вектора возбуждающего излучения. Для минимизации ориентационного эффекта предлагается проводить усреднение серии спектров, измеренных в разных точках образца. Сопоставление усредненных спектров до и после нагрева позволяет выявить ряд изменений. Увеличение интенсивности линий кальцита может быть связано с истончением красочного слоя,  а появление линий аморфного углерода — с обугливанием органических компонентов в составе штукатурки. Нагрев приводит также к росту интенсивности линии на частоте 660 см–1, что указывает на увеличение дефектности микрокристаллов гематита. Предположено, что уменьшение интенсивности линии на частоте 221 см–1 и возрастание интенсивностей линий 406 и 605 см–1 могут быть следствием ориентирующего воздействия нагрева на микрочастицы пигмента. Полученные данные можно использовать для интерпретации состояния исторических фресок в храмах, подвергавшихся пожарам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Raman spectra of hematite in the paint layer of a model fresco sample were compared before and after heating to 740°C. A significant obstacle to the analysis of the Raman spectra of hematite is the significant difference in the relative line intensities in the spectra measured at different points on the sample. It is shown that such differences are due to the orientation factor – a change in the Raman line intensities with changes in the relative orientation of hematite microcrystals and the wave vector of the exciting radiation. To minimize the orientation effect, it is proposed to average a series of spectra measured at different points on the sample. Comparison of the averaged spectra before and after heating allows us to identify a number of changes.  An increase in the intensity of the calcite lines may be associated with thinning of the paint layer, and the appearance of amorphous carbon lines is possibly due to the charring of organic components in the plaster. Heating also leads to an increase in the intensity of the line at 660 cm–1, indicating an increase in the defectiveness of hematite microcrystals. It is hypothesized that the decrease in the intensity of the line at 221 cm–1 and the increase in the intensities of the lines at 406 and 605 cm–1 may be due to the orienting effect of heating on the pigment microparticles. The obtained data can be used to interpret the condition of historical frescoes in churches exposed to fire.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спектроскопия комбинационного рассеяния света</kwd><kwd>гематит</kwd><kwd>термоиндуцированные изменения</kwd><kwd>настенная живопись</kwd><kwd>фреска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Raman spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>hematite</kwd><kwd>thermally induced changes</kwd><kwd>mural painting</kwd><kwd>fresco</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ 26-18-00767 с использованием оборудования, приобретенного за счет средств программы развития Московского университета.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. S. Pakhunov, N. N. Brandt, A. Yu. Chikishev. The Conservation of Subterranean Cultural Heritage, Ed. C. 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