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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал прикладной спектроскопии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-7506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhps-944</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дистанционная идентификация и оценка концентрации кальция в объеме жидкости в условиях высокого давления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Remote identification and estimation of the calcium concentration in bulk liquid under high-pressure condition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Sumathi</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sumathi</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ченнай, 600044, Тамилнад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sumathi.j05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Sathiesh Kumar</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sathiesh Kumar</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ченнай, 600044, Тамилнад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Veerappan</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veerappan</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ченнай, 600044, Тамилнад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мадрасский технологический институт Университета Анны</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Electronics Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology Campus – Anna University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>948</fpage><lpage>961</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sumathi J., Sathiesh Kumar V., Veerappan K., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Sumathi J., Sathiesh Kumar V., Veerappan K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sumathi J., Sathiesh Kumar V., Veerappan K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/944">https://zhps.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/944</self-uri><abstract><p>С помощью лазерно-искровой эмиссионной спектроскопии (LIBS) осуществлен удаленный анализ концентрации кальция в объеме жидкости в условиях высокого давления. Изучено влияние солености при определении концентрации Са. Классификаторы машинного обучения использованы для оценки неизвестной концентрации Ca в жидкой пробе для различных экспериментальных параметров или условий. Наблюдаются эмиссионные линии Ca II при 393 и 396 нм. Линии излучения хлора не наблюдаются из-за требований высоких энергий ионизации. С увеличением солености (NaCl) раствора образца до 2500 ppm отношение сигнал/шум сигнала LIBS улучшается в 0.85 раза. С увеличением атмосферного давления и удалением от объекта исследования интенсивность эмиссионной линии Ca II уменьшается. Противоположная тенденция наблюдается при увеличении плотности энергии излучения лазера и концентрации CaCl2 · 2H2O в растворе пробы. Период времени излучения Ca II 393 нм оценивается как (1/е)I0, I0 — максимальная интенсивность. Типичный период излучения Ca II 393 нм 6.712—6.766 мкс. Указанное значение получено для плотности энергии лазерного излучения 9 Дж/см2, атмосферного давления 1 атм, при расстоянии от образца 0.6 м, 2500 ppm NaCl и 1500 ppm для CaCl2 · 2H2O. Обнаружено, что период излучения увеличивается с повышением концентрации CaCl2 · 2H2O в растворе образца и мощности лазерного излучения. Противоположная тенденция имеет место при увеличении давления окружающей среды и расстояния до образца. Результаты, полученные из спектральных и временных измерений, коррелируют друг с другом. Лучшие показатели производительности модели системы получены в фиксированных экспериментальных условиях с использованием классификатора k-ближайших соседей. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) based stand-off distance analysis of the calcium concentration in bulk liquid under high-pressure condition is carried out. The influence of salinity during the determination of the Ca concentration is studied. Machine learning classifiers are used in the estimation of the unknown Ca concentration in the liquid sample, for different experimental parameters or conditions. From the spectral information, the emission lines related to Ca II at 393 and 396 nm are visualized. Chlorine emission lines are not observed due to the requirement of high ionization energies. As the salinity (NaCl) of the sample solution is increased to 2500 ppm, the signal-to-noise ratio of the LIBS signal is improved by a factor of 0.85. The Ca II emission line peak intensity decreased with increase in ambient pressure conditions and stand-off collection distances. The opposite trend is observed with an increase in the laser fluence and the CaCl2 × 2H2O concentration in the sample solution. The Ca II 393 nm emission time period is estimated at (1/e)I0 peak intensity. A typical Ca II 393 nm emission time period from 6.712 to 6.766 µs is observed. The specified value is obtained for a laser fluence of 9 J/cm2, ambient pressure of 1 atm, stand-off collection distance of 0.6 m, 2500 ppm NaCl, and 1500 ppm CaCl2 × 2H2O. It is observed that the emission time period increased with increase in the CaCl2 × 2H2O concentration in the sample solution and laser fluences. The opposite trend is observed for an increase in the ambient pressure and stand-off distances. The results obtained from the spectral and temporal measurements are in correlation with each other. The best system model's performance metrics of 100% (Accuracy = Precision = Recall = F1-Score) are obtained under the fixed experimental conditions using the k-nearest neighbor classifier. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лазерно-искровая эмиссионная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>временные измерения</kwd><kwd>дистанционный анализ минералов</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение классификаторов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>temporal measurement</kwd><kwd>remote mineral analysis</kwd><kwd>machine learning classifiers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">B. Thornton, T. Takahashi, T. Sato, T. Sakka, A. Tamura, A. Matsumoto, et al., Deep Sea Res. I: Oceanogr. Res. Papers, 95, 20–36 (2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">B. Thornton, T. Takahashi, T. Sato, T. Sakka, A. Tamura, A. 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