Sonotriboluminescence of Lanthanide(III) Sulfate Suspensions in n-Heptane with the Addition of Benzo[a]pyrene

The phenomenon of sonotriboluminescence in suspensions of terbium(III) and europium(III) sulfate microcrystals containing benzo[a]pyrene in n-heptane (an extractant used for the extraction and concentration of benzo[a]pyrene during analysis) was investigated. It was shown that under ultrasonic cavitation treatment of the suspension, the luminescence spectra exhibit characteristic emission bands of monomeric benzo[a]pyrene molecules. These fluorescence bands are identical to the photoluminescence spectra of a benzo[a]pyrene solution. The concentration dependence of the sonotriboluminescence intensity of benzo[a]pyrene molecules in the luminescence spectra of the suspensions was obtained, with a detection limit of ~10^–7 mol/L. To enhance the luminescence yield, a mechanism of intermolecular nonradiative energy transfer involving benzene as a donor was implemented. The addition of benzene leads to a sensitized increase in the luminescence of benzo[a]pyrene molecules, thereby improving the detection efficiency at low concentrations. The obtained results demonstrate the fundamental feasibility of using the sonotriboluminescence effect in dispersed systems for the luminescent detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (using benzo[a]pyrene as an example) in liquid hydrocarbons.

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