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Development and Validation of a UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ferulic Acid and Carnosic Acid in Bulk Drugs
Abstract
This study outlines the development and validation of a simultaneous-equation method (Vierordt’s method) utilizing ultraviolet spectroscopy for the simultaneous estimation of ferulic acid and carnosic acid in bulk drugs. The technique assesses absorbance at 215 nm for ferulic acid and at 284 nm for carnosic acid. The method exhibited goodness of fit in the calibration curve in concentration ranges of 2–14 μg/mL for ferulic acid and 100–700 μg/mL for carnosic acid, with correlation coefficients of 0.9956 and 0.9976. Simultaneous equations for calculating the concentration of ferulic acid and carnosic acid in unknown samples were CFer = [A2(0.000529)–A1(0.000825)]/(–0.0000289) and CCarn = [A1(0.059398)–A2(0.038129)]/(–0.0000289), where A1 and A2 are the absorbance of the unknown sample solution at 215 and 284 nm, respectively. The recovery of ferulic acid and carnosic acid using the spiking method was 98–102%, indicating the method's accuracy for quantitative estimation. The observed recovery values in the presence of excipients and phytochemicals remained within the 98–102% range, with RSDs < 2%, confirming the method's specificity. Precision experiments demonstrated RSD values of < 2%, signifying exceptional repeatability and negligible intra- and inter-day variability. The %RSD for ruggedness and robustness validation was less than 2%, indicating that the developed method remained unaffected by equipment changes, inter-analyst variability, and small wavelength variations. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for ferulic acid were 0.558 and 1.69 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the LOD and LOQ for carnosic acid were 37.31 and 113.06 µg/mL, respectively, demonstrating greater sensitivity for the detection and quantification of ferulic acid and carnosic acid. The developed simultaneous equation method achieved 101.2 and 100.69% accuracy in the simultaneous estimation of ferulic acid and carnosic acid in bulk samples.
About the Authors
Kushal Gahlawat
Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)
India
India
Mullana-Ambala-133207, Haryana
Neelam Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)
India
India
Mullana-Ambala-133207, Haryana
Sukhbir Singh
Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)
India
India
Mullana-Ambala-133207, Haryana
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Review
For citations:
Gahlawat K., Sharma N., Singh S. Development and Validation of a UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ferulic Acid and Carnosic Acid in Bulk Drugs. Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii. 2026;93(5):732.
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