GAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT-LENGTH ERBIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS AT EXTREME TEMPERATURES
Abstract
Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are used for amplifying optical signals. In this type of optical amplifier, the core of a silica fiber is doped with Er3+ ions. Here, the effects of temperature on the gain parameters for short-length erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are simulated. Temperatures were selected over a wide range (-200 to +80°C) for different ion densities to simulate extreme conditions, such as the presence of liquid nitrogen. The maximum gain occurs at temperatures close to 0°C, and the Er3+ concentration also plays an important role.
About the Authors
M. A. AlnuwabTurkey
Istanbul
H. Kaygusuz
Turkey
Istanbul
References
1. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Wiley (2010).
2. E. Desurvire, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications, Wiley (1994).
3. J. H. Lee, W. J. Lee, N. Park, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 10, No. 12, 1721–1723 (1998).
4. E. Desurvire, J. L. Zyskind, C. R. Giles, J. Light. Technol., 8, No. 11, 1730–1741 (1990).
5. R. C. Giles, E. Desurvire, J. Light. Technol., 9, No. 2, 271–283 (1991).
6. J. Kemtchou, M. Duhamel, F. Chatton, T. Georges, P. Lecoy, OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series, FAW19 (1996).
7. F. A. Flood, Electron. Lett., 35, No. 12, 1001 (1999).
8. M. Yucel, H. H. Goktas, F. V. Celebi, 2011 IEEE 19th Signal Proc. Commun. Appl. Conf. (SIU), 238–241 (2011).
9. A. H. M. Husein, F. I. El-Nahal, Optik, 123, No. 7, 586–589 (2012).
10. C. Berkdemir, S. Özsoy, Opt. Express, 13, No. 13, 5179 (2005).
11. J. Bebawi, I. Kandas, M. El-Osairy, M. Aly, Appl. Sci., 8, No. 9, 1640 (2018).
12. D. S. Holmes, A. L. Ripple, M. A. Manheimer, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 23, No. 3, 1701610 (2013).
13. J. M. Gambetta, J. M. Chow, M. Steffen, Quantum Inform., 3, No. 1, 1–7 (2017).
14. W. J. Thomes, M. N. Ott, R. Chuska, R. Switzer, E. Onuma, D. Blair, E. Frese, M. Matyseck. Planetary Defense and Space Environment Applications, 9981, 99810F (2016).
15. V. de Miguel-Soto, D. Leandro, A. Lopez-Aldaba, J. J. Beato-Lopez, J. I. Pérez-Landazábal, J. L. Auguste, R. Jaimer, P. Roy, M. Lopez-Amo. Sensors, 17, No. 12 (2017).
16. S. Baxter, M. Lakrimi, A. M. Thomas, Yunxin Gao, H. Blakes, P. Gibbens, M. Looi. Cryogenics, 50, No. 10, 700–707 (2010).
Review
For citations:
Alnuwab M.A., Kaygusuz H. GAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT-LENGTH ERBIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS AT EXTREME TEMPERATURES. Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii. 2021;88(1):125-128.