|Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription Access
Formation of Thaumasite in Ammonium Salt Solution Based on Raman Spectroscopy and Thermodynamic Analysis
Abstract
Cement-based materials sometimes encounter sulfate attack and ammonium salt environments during service, which can severely affect the long-term durability of these materials. In cement-based materials, the formation of thaumasite usually requires five conditions: sulfate, silicate, carbonate, and sufficient water and low temperature (15C). However, under other conditions, thaumasite can also form. To study the changing trend of thaumasite in an ammonium salt solution at ambient temperature (25C), the formation process of thaumasite was studied by laser Raman spectroscopy and thermodynamic analysis. The reaction was accelerated in the presence of NH4+ ions at ambient temperature, and the presence of SO42− anions enhanced this trend; this enhancement was even greater than that at low temperature. The change in the Gibbs free energy of formation of thaumasite in the presence versus absence of NH4+ ions was studied using thermodynamic methods, and the acceleration mechanism of the formation of thaumasite in the presence of NH4+ ions was explained.
About the Authors
X. Wang
Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle, Hubei University of Arts and Science; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture at Hubei University of Arts and Science
China
China
Xiangyang
Sh. Guo
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture at Hubei University of Arts and Science
China
China
Xiangyang
Ye. Li
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture at Hubei University of Arts and Science
China
China
Xiangyang
References
1. Y. Tang, X. Zuo, S. He, O. Ayinde, G. Yin, Construct. Build. Mater., 129, 61–69 (2016).
2. X. Wang, Z. Pan, X. Shen, et al., Construct. Build. Mater., 124, 786–793 (2016).
3. X. Wang, Z. Pan, Construct. Build. Mater., 152, 434–443 (2017).
4. B. Zhang, F. Chen, X. Tian, et al., Research on Water Quality Variation of Seven Major Water Systems in China from 2005 to 2017, Yangtze River 2020, 51, No. 7, 33–39 (2020).
5. S. Miletic, M. Djuric, A. Mihajlov, et al., J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 74, No. 3, 331–347 (2009).
6. R. A. Edge, H. F. W. Taylor, Nature, 224 (5217), 363–364 (1969).
7. S. V. Goryainov, J. Raman Spectrosc., 47, No. 8, 984–992 (2016).
8. G. D. Gatta, G. J. McIntyre, J. G. Swanson, et al., Am. Mineral., 97, No. 7, 1060–1069 (2012).
9. M. Ardit, G. Cruciani, M. Dondi, et al., Mineralog. Mag., 78, No. 5, 1193–1208 (2014).
10. D. Deng, J. Xiao, Q. Yuan, et al., J. Build. Mater., 5, 532–541 (2005).
11. H. F. W. Taylor, Cement Chemistry, Lightning Source Inc. (1997).
12. W. Shen, Cement Technology, Hubei, Wuhan University of Technology Press (1991).
13. S. Mileti, M. Ili, S. Otovi, R. Foli, Y. Ivanov, Construct. Build. Mater., 13, No. 3, 117–127 (1999).
14. S. Sahu, D. L. Exline, M. P. Nelson, Cem. Concr. Compos., 24, No. 3, 347–350 (2002).
15. D. Deng, J. Xiao, Q. Yuan, et al., J. Build. Mater., 4, 400–409 (2005).
16. J. Xiao, Q. Meng, B. Ma, et al., J. Build. Mater., 18, No. 2, 263–268 (2015).
17. Y. Luo, S. Zhou, C. Wang, et al., Construct. Build. Mater., 229, 116865 (2019).
18. C. Li, S. Li, Y. Bai, J. Build. Mater., 17, No. 3, 501–506 (2014).
19. K. Sotiriadis, E. Nikolopoulou, S. Tsivilis, et al., Construct. Build. Mater., 43, 156–164 (2013).
20. J. Xiao, Q. Meng, B. Ma, et al., J. Build. Mater., 18, No. 3, 369–374 (2015).
21. P. Atkins, J. de Paula, Physical Chemistry, New York, W. H. Freeman and Co. (2010).
22. T. Schmidt, B. Lothenbach, M. Romer, et al., Cem. Concr. Res., 38, No. 3, 337–349 (2008).
23. B. Lothenbach, T. Matschei, G. Möschner, F. P. Glasser, Cem. Concr. Res., 38, No. 1, 1–18 (2008).
24. J. G. Speight, Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing (2004).
25. A. Solonenko, V. V. Boksgorn, Russ. Chem. Bull., 66, No. 3, 439–446 (2017).
26. E. Thilo, Chin. Sci. Bull., 14, 429–431 (1957).
27. A. K. Katz, J. P. Glusker, S. A. Beebe, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, No. 24, 5752–5763 (1996).
28. M. Kanzaki, Mineralog. J., 18, No. 1, 1–8 (1996).
29. T. An-Pang, K. Long, Acta Chim. Sin., 23, No. 2, 90–98 (1957).
30. Y. Xi, Chemical Structure, Bonding and Classification of Silicates, China Construction Industry Press (1989).
31. R. Chen, J. Wang, H. Liu, et al., Acta Chim. Sin., 11, 1084–1086 (1982).
32. R. K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica-Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry, New York, Wiley-Interscience Publication (1979).
33. F. Xiyi, Inorganic Chemistry Series, III, Beijing, Science Press (1988).
Review
For citations:
Wang X., Guo Sh., Li Ye. Formation of Thaumasite in Ammonium Salt Solution Based on Raman Spectroscopy and Thermodynamic Analysis. Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii. 2022;89(4):491-497.
Views: 157
Email this article 