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Determination of the Gold Alloys Composition by Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy Using an Algorithm for Matching Experimental and Calculated Values of Electron Number Density
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of gold alloys. A frequency double-pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to generate plasma on the surface of gold alloys. The plasma temperatures of gold and copper were calculated using Boltzmann plots whereas electron number densities were determined via Saha–Boltzmann equations. The effect of self-absorption in the laserinduced emission spectra was evaluated for correction in the intensity of spectral lines. By combining electron number density conservation approach (ENDC) with LIBS, an algorithm for gold alloys composition determination was derived by matching the theoretically derived ratios of the number densities and the experimentally obtained ratios of the number densities extracted from LIBS spectra. The results of ENDC-LIBS approach were compared with those estimated by a conventional calibration-free LIBS approach and other established analytical technique energy dispersive X-ray. The results clearly demonstrated that ENDC-LIBS methodology appeared to be very promising for analysis of LIBS spectra of gold alloys.
Keywords
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,
gold alloys,
laser-induced plasma,
self-absorption,
electron number density conservation approach
Supporting agencies: Financial support for this work was provided by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (NRPU Project No. 8884).
About the Authors
Z. Farooq
Department of Physics, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education
Pakistan
Pakistan
Lahore
R. Ali
Department of Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University
Pakistan
Pakistan
Islamabad
N. Ahmed
Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Pakistan
Pakistan
Muzaffarabad
M. Fahad
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University,
Abbottabad Campus
Pakistan
Pakistan
Islamabad;
Abbottabad
A. ul Ahmad
Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus
Pakistan
Pakistan
Faisalabad
M. Yaseen
Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education
Pakistan
Pakistan
Lahore
M. H. R. Mahmood
Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education
Pakistan
Pakistan
Lahore
S. Hussain
Department of Physics, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education
Pakistan
Pakistan
Lahore
I. Rehan
Department of Physics, Islamia College University
Pakistan
Pakistan
Peshawar
M. Z. Khan
Department of Physics, Islamia College University
Pakistan
Pakistan
Peshawar
T. Jan
Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University
Pakistan
Pakistan
Islamabad
M. A. Qayyum
Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education
Pakistan
Pakistan
Lahore
M. Afzal
Department of Mathematics, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education
Pakistan
Pakistan
Lahore
M. S. Mahr
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture
Pakistan
Pakistan
Faisalabad
M. Shafique
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture
Pakistan
Pakistan
Faisalabad
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Review
For citations:
Farooq Z., Ali R., Ahmed N., Fahad M., ul Ahmad A., Yaseen M., Mahmood M.H., Hussain S., Rehan I., Khan M.Z., Jan T., Qayyum M.A., Afzal M., Mahr M.S., Shafique M. Determination of the Gold Alloys Composition by Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy Using an Algorithm for Matching Experimental and Calculated Values of Electron Number Density. Zhurnal Prikladnoii Spektroskopii. 2023;90(1):115. (In Russ.)
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