The possibility of applying the quantum fluctuation theorem (QFT) to deep-lying electron orbitals in atoms photon↔electron transitions cross-section spectra is considered. Such spectra can only be obtained as a function of the difference between measurable excitation energy and final state energy. It is shown that spectra in this function do not satisfy the QFT. An assumption is made about the change in cross-section spectra by screening the transition excitations by an ensemble of neighboring orbitals. A screening coefficient is constant across the observed spectrum and accounts for the reduction of excitation energy (cross-section) to the elementary started state due to the screening is introduced into the QFT relations for such transition cross-sections. With screening considered, the spectra satisfy QFT relations. These assumptions are applied to X-ray photoemission spectra of electrons, inverse X-ray photoemission spectra, and electron energy loss (absorption) spectra. It is found that screening weakens the non-valence atomic orbital’s transition cross-section by an order of magnitude or even more, but not for the outer valence ones, only by several times. It was found that the identification of purely electronic transition position using QFT relations from the observed spectrum depends on the screening coefficient.

Using X-ray photoelectron and luminescence spectroscopy methods, IR-phosphors-mixed-ligand compounds of neodymium(III) with trifluoroacetic and cinnamic acids, nitrogen-and phosphors-containing neutral ligands were studied. It has been established that when neutral ligands are coordinated through a donor nitrogen atom in similar groups of compounds, there is a tendency to increase the electron density on the neodymium(III) ion and the relative intensity of ⁴F_3/2 –⁴I_11/2 transition. Neodymium(III) cinnamate with 1,10-phenanthroline has the highest luminescence intensity.

New sub-Doppler fluorescence resonances at the central frequencies of atomic (molecular) transitions induced by stationary broadband optical pumping in a cylindrical cell with a rarefied gas medium are established and analyzed. The pump radiation is considered to propagate transversely through a relatively narrow region of this cell. The dependences of the established sub-Doppler resonances on the intensity and spatial distribution of such an optical pumping are analyzed. The proposed method of high-resolution spectroscopy allows one to reduce the Doppler broadening of the recorded fluorescence resonances by the value equal to the ratio of the gas cell diameter to the relatively narrow width of the local region of the pumping radiation.

The paper presents the features of Doppler-free resonances formed during scanning of the 6S_1/2→7P_3/2 transition of Cs atom at the wavelength of 456 nm in a micrometer cell. The saturated absorption technique in a cell with a thickness of L = 40 μm was used. The oscillator strength of these transitions is 60 times weaker than for Cs 6S_1/2→6P_3/2 transitions at the wavelength of 852 nm. The Doppler-free resonances have a spectral line width of <20 MHz, which is 38 times smaller than the Doppler line width of 750 MHz at 120^оC. These narrow resonances are of interest for both high-resolution spectroscopy and instrumentation, in particular, the creation of compact frequency references in the blue region.

Transmittance and reflectance spectra of a commercial 200 μm thick polyimide film were recorded in the wavelength range of λ = 240—2500 nm. By applying the known exact analytical relations, these spectra were used to calculate the spectral dependencies of an imaginary (n) and a real (k) part of the refractive index of the film. In the indicated wavelength range the absorption spectra, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity were also calculated.

New thermosensitive luminescent materials based on Ba₃La₂(Ge₃O₉)₂ doped with Tb³⁺ or Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺ ions have been studied. Ba₃La_2-х Tb_x(Ge₃O₉)₂ and Ba₃La_1.3Tb_0.7–xEu_x(Ge₃O₉)₂ solid solutions were synthesized by the solid-phase method. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, all samples crystallize in the monoclinic syngony (space group C2/c, Z = 4). The luminescent properties of Ba₃La_2–xTb_x(Ge₃O₉)₂ germanates were studied under excitation by radiation with λ_ex = 377 nm. The spectra consist of a number of bands in the region of 470—640 nm, caused by transitions from excited ⁵D₄ to ⁷F_J (J = 3, 4, 5, 6) levels in Tb³⁺ ions. The maximum luminescence intensity is observed for the sample with x = 0.7. Co-doping of phases with Eu³⁺ ions leads to the appearance of additional lines in the luminescence spectra in the orange-red region, associated with the transitions ⁵D₀→⁷F_J (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) in europium ions. For Ba₃La_1.3Tb_0.1Eu_0.6(Ge₃O₉)₂ sample, the color characteristics were studied and the temperature dependences of the intensity ratio of the luminescent bands were investigated upon heating from 298 to 473 K. It was shown that heating the phosphor leads to an uneven decrease in the intensity of the main emission lines. The maximum values of sensitivities: S_a (1.05 %/K) and S_r (1.00 %/K), are achieved at T = 298 K.

The results of complex studies of thin Nb₂O₅ films were presented. Thin Nb₂O₅ films were deposited in vacuum (p = 2.2 Pa) on quartz and silicon substrates under multi-pulse high-frequency (f ~ 10–12 kHz) laser action on a ceramic target at laser power density of q = 81 MW/cm². The morphology of the obtained films was studied using atomic force microscopy, the features of the transmission spectra were presented. The analysis of photoelectrical properties of Nb₂O₅/Si structure was carried out.

It has been shown using IR spectroscopy supplemented with Х-rау diffraction and electron microscopy that the mechanochemical activation оf the mixture оf TiO₂ Dеgussа Р25 and orthorhombic MoO₃ rеsults in the growing of discorded MoO₃ shell over the titania cores. The core-shell structure of the resultant photocatalyst particles facilitates the separation of the charges produced under actinic illumination and makes it possible to accumulate the charge in the form of reduced molybdenum oxide.

An interpretation of known experimental data on magnetic resonance measurements in tellurium-doped n-type indium antimonide crystals with compensation ratio K ≈ 0.1 of tellurium (hydrogen-like donors) by zinc (hydrogen-like acceptors) at 10 MHz frequency in a quantizing external magnetic field with induction from 0.17 to 1.70 T at liquid helium temperature is proposed. It is revealed that the observed resonance is caused by the absorption of an energy quanta of radio-frequency (10 MHz) radiation by c-band electrons. The electron transition between adjacent Landau levels mediated by the electric component of the radio wave, while transitions between Zeeman sublevels is driven by its magnetic component. The number of absorbed radio-frequency quanta at resonance increases from 3.9 · 10⁴ to 1.6 · 10⁵ with c-band electron concentration from 6 · 10¹⁵ to 5 · 10¹⁸ cm^–3 at approximately constant compensation ratio. Calculations show that the width of the magnetic resonance lines (“from peak to peak” of the first derivative of the radio wave absorption signal on external magnetic field) is determined by fluctuations in the potential energy of electrons in the crystals due to their doping and compensation.

Graphene samples with a different number of layers and their relative rotation in graphene plane were obtained by chemical vapor deposition on a copper catalyst. The properties of the obtained graphene structures have been revealed by Raman spectroscopy. The position and form of the main peaks change depending on the number of layers and their rotation, which indicates a change in the nature of interaction between the layers. Additional peaks have been studied depending on the value of the angle of graphene layers rotation. Determining the distinctive characteristics of the studied twisted structures is a necessary step in optimizing the scalable process of synthesis and production of graphene-based nanoelectronic devices.

Magnetic nanocomposite particles Fe₃O₄/α-FeOOH were synthesized by the method of alkaline coprecipitation from aqueous solutions of salts of di- and trivalent iron. The phase composition and magnetic characteristics of the nanocomposite particles were studied in comparison with nanoparticles of single-phase Fe₃O₄ using the methods of X-ray structural analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibration magnetometry. The conducted studies made it possible to determine the sizes of the obtained particles (the average diameters are in the range from 4 to 21 nm) and the Debye temperature, which was Θ_D = 273±19 and 327±45 K for Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄/FeOOH, respectively. The obtained magnetic characteristics of Fe₃O₄/FeOOH (Ms ≈ 32 emu/g at T = 300 K) allow using this composite material as a reagent in processes of improved oxidation followed by magnetic decantation.

This study investigated the fluorescent properties of nanoparticles synthesized from mulberry leaf ethanolic extract using a hydrothermal method. The analysis confirmed the presence of carbon dot nanostructures exhibiting fluorescence emission peaking at 670 nm (under 405 nm excitation) with a quantum yield of 45%. Under quasi-continuous excitation at 405 nm on a silicon substrate, photobleaching of the nanoparticles was observed within 10–20 s of irradiation. In the absence of illumination, partial fluorescence recovery was detected, consisting in several percent within one minute and over 25% after 16 hours in darkness. Comparative spectral analysis of the initial leaf extract and the synthesized red-luminescent carbon dot fraction revealed similarities, suggesting the presence of unbound organic molecules with chromophoric groups in the medium. It was found that these chromophores accumulate in red blood cell membranes, enabling cell visualization; however, they exhibit both cytotoxic and phototoxic effects. Thus, the synthesis of carbon dots from multicomponent plant extracts may result in incomplete carbonization and degradation of chromophores, which can significantly influence the interpretation of the optical properties of the obtained nanostructures.

Multivariate classification models of the geographical origin of herbal medicines are developed based on the terahertz time-domain absorption spectroscopy. Four methods of cluster analysis are considered: hierarchical cluster analysis, k-means, k-nearest neighbors and classification trees. For classification of five geographical locations of Gastrodia roots, 12 spectral variables have been selected in the frequency range of 0.1–0.6 THz in the order of decreasing their standard deviation in the explored set and transformed to a six–dimensional principal component space with the Mahalanobis metric. The classification of the considered herbal medicines by two closest neighbors in this space is characterized by accuracy and precision of 0.98, and sensitivity of 0.982.

The rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in 4-, 7- and 11-day-old Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings exposed to high temperature was studied using infrared spectroscopy. To analyse the mechanisms underlying their regulation the state of the stomata and the real temperature of the primary leaf of these seedlings were assessed. It was found that heat treatment (40^oC, 3 h, illumination 120 µmol quanta · m^–2 · s^–1) did not affect net photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity in young 4-day-old Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings at the effective cools of the leaf due to activation of transpiration. In the primary leaf fully formed by the age of 7 days, after heat treatment, neither the stomatal conductance nor the transpiration rate changed, and the leaf cooled to a lesser than in 4-day-old seedlings, and net photosynthesis was suppressed. In the aging 11-day-old leaf under heat stress, the conductivity of the stomata for both water vapour and CO₂ decreased, which caused the suppression of transpiration and photosynthetic activity and significant heating of the leaf. We concluded about the different response of the stomata and transpiration to heat in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings of different ages, aimed at maintaining the most effective balance between cooling the leaf and maintaining the water potential of plants.

The two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy method was used to assign signals of hydrogen and carbon atoms in glycyrrhizic acid, monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, lagochirsine, lagochilin, its tetraacetyl and isopropylidene derivatives in various solvents. The compounds were studied by tandem mass spectrometry in modes ESI and APCI.

A complex analysis of the antioxidant properties of four epiphytic lichen species from Parmeliaceae Zenker family with different anthropo-tolerance has been carried out. Using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods the antioxidant activity, the content of phenolic compounds (PS) and carotenoids have been determined in Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach., E. prunastri (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., H. tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. Correlation analysis showed a close relation between PS, carotenoids and antioxidant activity (AOA). An integral biochemical sensitivity index (MPBSI) based on normalization of the values of these bio chemical parameters has been calculated. The tolerance of species resistant to anthropogenic pollution is due to higher concentrations of PS and carotenoids, and higher АОА. MPBSI of Hypogymnia physodes is 8.43, and that of Evernia prunastri is 6.38. Species sensitive to various anthropogenic impacts are characterized by lower values of these parameters. MPBSI of Hypogymnia tubulosa is 5.83, and that of Evernia divaricata is 1.56. The degree of the decrease in MPBSI correlates with the level of vulnerability in the conditions of vegetation transformation as a result of woodlands fragmentation, which leads to changes in microclimate. In Evernia species that has a bushy biomorph photoprotection is carried out due to a higher concentration of carotenoids. In Hypogymnia representatives with leafy thallomas, an increase in antioxidant activity is due to an increase in the PS content. A complex approach to the assessment of biochemical parameters related to antioxidant properties, with the determination of the values of MPBSI index, is interesting for the further development of biomonitoring studies. This approach will make it possible to delve into the scales of anthropo-tolerance and will help clarify the mechanisms of adaptation of lichens to different variants of anthropogenic impact.

Mural painting is the earliest independent form of painting and involves the crystallization of ancient traditional painting arts. However, over time, various types of deterioration have influenced murals, among which the most common is the deterioration of the plaster layer. Existing extraction methods largely use the shape features obtained from digital images, which are influenced by the diversity of information on the murals. To overcome this drawback, hyperspectral technology was introduced to achieve accurate deterioration extraction. First, the spectral features of deterioration, with a focus on the plaster layer, were analyzed. The decision tree deterioration index was subsequently constructed to extract deterioration information. Combining the threshold of the near-infrared reflectance and the difference between the reflectance at 440 and 490 nm, our method was effective for complete extraction. The method achieved better visual results than other traditional extraction methods did. The precision, recall, F-measure, and overall accuracy were 0.7244, 0.7581, 0.7409, and 0.9680, respectively. Our method also has high threshold stability, yielding good results for other mural images.

An approach based on a combination of elemental, mineralogical and structural analyses is used to characterize several samples of marble and ornamental rocks taken from different regions of Morocco. Each of these rocks has its own characteristics, with a variety of colors (gray, white, pink, black, yellow, red, brown, etc.). Three samples of white marble from Carrara (Italy), Drama and Kozani (Greece) were studied under the same conditions to serve as references. A sample of white marble from the Moulay Ismail Mausoleum in Meknes (18th century) was also studied under the same conditions in order to identify its quarry of origin. These marbles were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. XRF was used to determine the elemental composition of the samples. Major and minor crystalline phases were identified using XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy.

Zeolite's possession of Brønsted acid sites and impregnated metals in its pores renders it highly advantageous for catalytic transformations that necessitate the presence of both metallic and acidic active sites such as hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions. This study explores the influence of cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) impregnation on the structural and acidic properties of zeolite Y. A series of CoMo-zeolite Y catalysts was synthesized using the wet impregnation method with varying metal concentrations. Characterization using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyridine-FTIR revealed that the introduction of Co and Mo modified the distribution and strength of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, while the crystallinity of the zeolite Y framework was preserved. Notably, the Co₆Mo catalyst exhibited an optimal Lewis/Brønsted acid ratio, highlighting the potential of these materials for bifunctional catalytic applications. These findings contribute to understanding the interplay between metal loading and acid properties, laying the groundwork for future studies on catalytic performance.

Trace impurity elements such as sulfur and phosphorus, along with impurity ions like sulfate and phosphate, have a significant impact on the performance of electrode materials. However, the presence of major elements, including nickel, cobalt, and manganese in ternary materials complicates the determination of these trace components. This study establishes an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) analytical method for detecting sulfur and phosphorus in ternary materials, as well as indirectly determining the content of sulfate and phosphate through formula conversion. The research investigates the optimization of the microwave digestion acid system and evaluates the interference caused by high concentrations of coexisting elements, such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese, on the determination of phosphorus and sulfur spectral lines. A t-test comparison with ion chromatography revealed no statistically significant difference between the two analytical methods. The results demonstrate that the ICP–OES method provides high precision and accuracy, effectively addressing the challenge of determining sulfur, phosphorus, or sulfate, and phosphate content in ternary materials.

A systematic investigation of the beam-induced surface decomposition of a typical trihalide ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tribromide, was conducted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the electronic environment of the bromine region is discussed. The newly formed component was assigned to bromide, based on the measured Br 3d binding energy. The atomic loss of bromine as a function of exposure time under the X-ray beam is analyzed in detail. The analysis suggests that 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tribromide is decomposed under X-ray beam irradiation to yield 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and liquid bromine, the latter of which subsequently leaves the system under the ultrahigh vacuum conditions.

Topiroxostat (TPX) is a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor used in the treatment of gout. For the determination of TPX in bulk and tablets, four simple, specific, precise, sensitive, rapid, and eco-friendly, parallel UV-Visible spectrophotometry methods were developed. Although UV-Visible spectrophotometry estimation work is based on zero-order and first-order derivative spectral transformation, these methods also relied on absorbance, amplitude, and area under the curve of the UV-spectrum. TPX exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL in all four methods, with a correlation coefficient of r2 > 0.99. The estimated percentage of drug in the developed methods was found to be in good agreement with what the label claim for the Topimac® tablet formulation. Each method was validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2(R2) guidelines. All of these developed methods were linear, accurate, precise, and adequately sensitive, and they were evaluated using one-way ANOVA to assess the statistical comparison of the results. The analyses indicated that the F-value was found to be less than the critical P-value, and there was no identifiable variability in the outcomes. This implied that, for all four methods, there were no significant statistical differences between the results, indicating that they are the best parallel and multimode approaches for the estimation of TPX.

Tetracycline HCl and Tinidazole combination drugs are used for antimicrobial therapy. In order to quantify them in dosage forms by UV spectroscopy, resolving the spectral overlap is necessary to avoid interference. The present study introduced four simple, sustainable, mathematically processed UV spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of Tetracycline HCl and Tinidazole in binary mixtures and tablet dosage forms. The approaches used for resolving spectral overlap include first derivative, area under curve, dual wave length and ratio difference methods. The methods demonstrated linearity in the range of 10–40 μg/mL for both drugs, while detection limits were in the range of 1.562–2.974 mcg/mL for tetracycline HCl and tinidazole showed 0.077–1.65 μg/mL. ANOVA results showed no statistical difference among the methods. Sustainability assessment made by MoGAPI, RGB, and BAGI declared the developed method to be sustainable and eco-friendly. In silico drug-drug interaction study with respect to CYP450 enzymes showed no drug interactions. The developed method showed good agreement with validation parameters and was found to be efficient, economical, free of toxic solvents, and the complex sample preparation procedures indicated its sustainability.

The current study aims to evaluate and assess the physiochemical characteristics of metformin hydrochloride, which is commonly used to treat type-Ⅱ diabetes. This study also focuses on the method development and validation of metformin hydrochloride by the UV-spectrophotometric method. The validation procedure adhered to the protocols specified by the ICH guidelines. The spectroscopic studies were done using simulated phosphate salivary fluid as a solvent, which mimics the physiological fluid in the human oral cavity. The drug was evaluated for its organoleptic assessment, solubility, pH, FTIR spectroscopy, partition coefficient, melting point, moisture content, and flow properties. The preformulation characteristics were thoroughly assessed and evaluated with the ranges specified in the monograph, and it was found to be within the limits. The absorption maxima for the drug using a simulated salivary fluid of pH 6.8 were found to be 233 nm, and the calibration curve for the metformin exhibited a linearity range of 1–9 µg/mL (r² = 0.998). The recovery studies were done at three different concentration levels and were found to be in the range of 97–98.8%. This study evaluates how the developed method meets its criteria for specificity, linearity, and accuracy, within the predefined acceptance limits. Thus, a simple, accurate, and economical method is developed and validated along with the preformulation characteristics, which expands its utility in the formulation of the drug.

А UV visible spectroscopic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin and ellagic acid in a suspension. Validation of the developed method was done according to ICH Q2R2 guidelines. Calibration curves (R²>0.98) were prepared, demonstrating a linear response for the concentration ranges of both drugs. The results indicated high levels of accuracy and precision (all RSD% values <2%). The findings suggest that this method can be readily adopted in routine laboratory settings, facilitating the simultaneous monitoring of drug levels in both bulk and dosage forms.

This study focuses on the synthesis of a biocompatible magnetic nanosorbent, modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), using wheat bran (WB) for the adsorption of the drug S-citalopram (S-CIT). Various characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, XRD, and VSM, confirmed the successful creation of the wheat bran/Fe₃O₄/β-cyclodextrin (WB/Fe₃O₄/β-CD) nanoadsorbent and its effective interaction with S-CIT. Optimization of parameters such as pH and temperature led to an impressive adsorption efficiency of up to 94%, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 91.74 mg/g under optimal conditions. A calibration curve was established for S-CIT concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 50 μM, yielding a detection limit of 0.050 μM. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process is exothermic and follows the characteristics of chemisorption. Additionally, it adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

To tackle spectral distortion and spatial detail loss in remote sensing image fusion, this paper proposes a fusion method for panchromatic and multispectral images based on IHS transform and NSST decomposition. However, when the grayscale distribution of the panchromatic image is highly concentrated and has low contrast, the fusion quality declines. To overcome this limitation, an image enhancement technique combining the guided filter (GF) and sigmoid function is introduced in the preprocessing stage of multispectral images. The guided filter effectively preserves edge details, while the sigmoid function enhances contrast by adjusting grayscale values near the center of the distribution. For low-frequency components, a fusion strategy integrating regional energy, regional gradient, and guided filtering (RE-RG-GF) is proposed, ensuring that both local energy and gradient information are retained while maintaining edge details. For high-frequency components, an adaptive pulse-coupled neural network (PA-PCNN) fusion method is applied. Experimental results on two public datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showing an increase in standard deviation by 83.49 and 52.69% over the suboptimal results, along with an average gradient increasing by 78.49 and 60.64%, respectively, across seven evaluation metrics.

Un-doped and a series of Pb²⁺ ion-doped UV-emitting Ca_2-xPb_xB₂O₅ (0.0025 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) phosphors were prepared via the solution combustion method, and their prospective luminescence properties were investigated. The formation of the monoclinic phase of Ca₂B₂O₅ was confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction result. The Ca_2–xPb_xB₂O₅ (0.0025 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) phosphors’ photoluminescence properties were examined using a spectrofluorometer at room temperature. The broadband peaking at 331 nm is the emission peak of Ca₂B₂O₅:Pb²⁺ (0.01 mol), which is ascribed to the ³P₁→¹S₀ transition. For Ca₂B₂O₅, the relationship between the emission intensity and the Pb²⁺ content was thoroughly examined. Finally, utilizing the excitation band at 273 nm and the emission band at 331 nm, the Stokes shift of the prepared material, Ca₂B₂O₅:Pb²⁺, was determined to be 6418 cm^–1.

Novel Li₄Zn(PO₄)₂:Tb³⁺ green-light-emitting phosphors were synthesized using the combustion process. A thorough investigation was done on the crystal phase, shape, morphology and luminescence properties, including decay curves. With the P21(4) space group, the Li₄Zn(PO₄)₂:Tb³⁺ phosphors showed a monoclinic structure. It was calculated that the average crystal size was about 80 nm. Under excitation at 250 nm, a strong green emission peak at 545 nm attributed to ⁵D₄→⁷F₅ transition was observed in the present host. It was found that the emission intensity depended on the dopant concentration.

This study probes into the structural, thermal, and optical transformations induced in liquid crystalline p-(n-heptyloxy) benzoic acid (7-OBA) by dispersion of dysprosium-doped lithium zinc phosphate nanoparticles [Li₄Zn(PO₄)₂:Dy³⁺] (DLZP-NPs) via the thermal combustion method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful incorporation of DLZP-NPs, maintaining the inherent liquid crystalline structure of 7-OBA. Detailed morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified the consistent presence of Dy³⁺ ions throughout the matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified functional groups within the nanocomposites, with distinct shifts in the stretching regions of C=O, C=C, and C-H bonds, indicative of molecular interactions between the 7-OBA matrix and the nanoparticles. These shifts suggest a reorganization of the molecular environment, facilitated by the synergistic effects of DLZP-NPs. Thermal and phase transition behaviors of the nanocomposites were examined using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy, which highlighted subtle yet significant alterations in phase transition temperatures and liquid crystalline textures. Optical absorption studies revealed a reduction in the energy bandgap of 7-OBA from 3.97 to 3.64 eV with increasing nanoparticle concentrations, emphasizing the potential for bandgap tuning. Spectroscopic ellipsometry further demonstrated a decrease in optical permittivity with increased nanoparticle dispersion, reflecting modifications in electronic polarizability.